原始名称记载: President and Fellows of Harvard College

Disclosed herein are single-lumen cortical organoids. Also disclosed herein are methods of inhibiting neurogenic differentiation and/or prolonging stem cell proliferation by increasing intraluminal pressure of a cortical organoid.

Disclosed herein are semiconductor devices to provide a CMOS-compatible, wafer-scale, multi-well platform that can be used for biomedical or other applications, and methods to operate the same. In some embodiments, circuitry is provided underneath a multiple-well array to electrically interface with electrodes in the wells. To interface with electrodes in a large array, circuitry may be fabricated on a single silicon (Si) wafer having a dimension that is at least the same or larger than that of the multiple-well array. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, standard CMOS fabrication process such as those known to be used in a standard semiconductor foundry may be used without expensive customization for complex fabrication procedures. This may help the production cost to be lowered in some cases.