Membrane Concentration of Dissolved Species

原文（中文）

A dissolved species (e.g., sulfur) is concentrated from a feed liquid by passing the feed liquid into a first reverse-osmosis module of a first reverse-osmosis assembly, where the feed liquid is separated with a membrane to produce a permeate and a concentrate solution. In a de-supersaturation module, dissolved components are precipitated from the concentrate solution to produce solid precipitates and a de-supersaturated concentrate solution, which is passed to a second reverse-osmosis assembly, where the de-supersaturated concentrate solution is separated with a membrane to produce a permeate and a concentrated brine. In a polishing module, the permeates from the first and second reverse-osmosis assemblies are further purified to produce a polished permeate and a concentrate solution that is recycled back to the retentate side of the first reverse-osmosis module of the first reverse-osmosis assembly where it mixes with the feed liquid, and the polished permeate is extracted from the polishing module.